Raul Castro

Raúl Modesto Castro Ruz was born on June 3, 1931, and became a central figure in Cuban politics and revolutionary history. As the younger brother of Fidel Castro, Raúl played a key role in the Cuban Revolution, serving as Minister of the Armed Forces and establishing himself as one of the most powerful figures in the Cuban government. He served as First Vice President of Cuba for 32 years before formally succeeding his brother Fidel as President in 2008, a position he held until 2018. During his presidency, Raúl implemented gradual economic and social reforms, including the historic restoration of diplomatic relations with the United States in 2014 after more than five decades of hostility. He initiated limited market reforms and decentralized some economic decision-making while maintaining Cuba's socialist political system. Raúl was known for his pragmatic approach compared to his brother's more ideological stance, and he oversaw a generational transition in Cuban leadership. His tenure marked a significant shift in Cuban policy, particularly regarding international relations, though the island nation continued to face significant economic challenges.