Wilma Mankiller

Wilma Pearl Mankiller (April 6, 1945 – April 6, 2015) was a Native American activist and the first female Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma, serving from 1985 to 1995. Born in Tahlequah, Oklahoma, to a Cherokee family, Mankiller faced displacement and hardship during her childhood when her family was relocated to San Francisco as part of the Indian Relocation Act. This experience shaped her commitment to fighting for Native American rights and self-determination. After returning to Oklahoma, she became involved in community activism and held various positions in the Cherokee Nation government. In 1983, she was elected as Deputy Chief alongside Principal Chief Charles Soap, and when Soap died, she assumed the role of Principal Chief in December 1985, becoming the first woman to lead a major Native American nation. During her tenure, she focused on economic development, healthcare, education, and self-sufficiency for the Cherokee people. Despite facing considerable gender discrimination and even assassination attempts, she remained steadfast in her vision for tribal progress. Her legacy as a trailblazer for both Native Americans and women in leadership continues to inspire activists and leaders worldwide.