Muhammad

Muhammad ibn Abdullah (c. 570–632 CE) was an Arab religious and political leader who founded Islam, one of the world's three major monotheistic religions. Born in Mecca in the Arabian Peninsula, Muhammad experienced what he described as revelations from the angel Gabriel beginning around 610 CE, which he understood as messages from God (Allah in Arabic). Over approximately 23 years, he recited these revelations, which were memorized and later compiled into the Quran, Islam's holy scripture. Muhammad's message emphasized monotheism, social justice, and moral accountability before God. He established the Muslim community (ummah) in Medina, developing principles of governance, law, and worship that remain central to Islamic practice. His life—including his humble origins, merchant career, spiritual experiences, and leadership—became the model (sunnah) for Muslim conduct and ethics. Muhammad's legacy transformed the religious, political, and cultural landscape of the Middle East and eventually the world, with nearly two billion Muslims today considering him the final prophet and the most important figure in their faith.