Malcolm X

Malcolm X (1925–1965), born Malcolm Little, was an influential African American Muslim minister, human rights activist, and prominent figure in the Nation of Islam during the 1950s and early 1960s. Rising from a troubled youth and prison sentence, Malcolm became one of the most articulate and forceful voices advocating for Black empowerment, self-defense, and the rejection of integration in favor of Black nationalism. His fiery oratory and uncompromising message contrasted sharply with the nonviolent approach of other civil rights leaders, making him a polarizing but undeniably impactful figure. After leaving the Nation of Islam in 1964, he founded the Organization of Afro-American Unity and began evolving his philosophy toward a more inclusive approach to human rights. His assassination in 1965 at age 39 cemented his legacy as one of the most important and controversial figures in American history, with his autobiography remaining widely read and his ideas continuing to influence discussions about racial justice and Black identity.