Edward Snowden

Edward Joseph Snowden (born June 21, 1983) is an American computer professional, former CIA employee, and NSA contractor who became one of the most significant and controversial figures of the 21st century when he leaked classified information about vast U.S. and allied government surveillance programs. In 2013, Snowden disclosed classified documents revealing the extent of NSA bulk data collection activities, including the PRISM program and mass surveillance of American and international citizens' communications. His revelations, reported through journalists Glenn Greenwald and Laura Poitras, sparked unprecedented global debate about privacy rights, government surveillance, national security, and the proper balance between the two. Facing espionage charges under the Espionage Act, Snowden fled the United States and was eventually granted asylum in Russia, where he has resided since 2013. His actions have been viewed variously as heroic whistleblowing in defense of civil liberties or as treasonous endangerment of national security, depending on one's perspective. Snowden's revelations have had lasting impacts on privacy legislation, corporate practices, and international relations. He has remained active in public discourse through interviews, speaking engagements, and a memoir, 'Permanent Record,' continuing to advocate for privacy rights.